Sunday, March 2nd, 2024 – Midland Cultural Centre
Matt Dupont & Jérémie Roy
Matt Dupont, Harp
« Beauty will redeem the world » From these words by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Matt Dupont takes his inspiration. Matt is a sensitive and ambitious musician, as dedicated to his solo and orchestral performance career as he is to his teaching.
Full of curiosity and determination, he studied abroad with great masters, including Nicolas Tulliez (Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France) in Shanghai and Heidi Krutzen (London Philharmonia) in Vancouver,and Caroline Lizotte in Montreal.
Matt’s elegant and refined style has earned him a number of invitations to play with some of Quebec’s premier orchestras, including the Orchestre Métropolitain and the Québec Symphony Orchestra.
Among the many prizes and scholarships Matt has received, he recently won Second Place at the prestigious Orford Music Award in 2020.
In addition to his performing career, Matt has been teaching harp at the École de Musique Vincent-d’Indy since 2018. He has been recently appointed as harp instructor at the Conservatoire du Québec à Trois-Rivières. The same year, he became a teacher at Educare secondary school (Edu2) to introduce young students to music through learning the harp. He is truly devoted to his students as he believes in the next generation to become aspiring musicians.
Jérémie Roy, Narration
Jérémie Roy is a trained actor and singer. Notably, he was a finalist in the Performer category at the Tremplin de Dégelis (2016) and performed on stage at Ma Première Place des Arts (2017). Since then, he has obtained a second degree in directing and dramaturgy at the UQAM, with the ambition of combining research and practice in musical theater.
In addition to his studies, he has proven himself many times on stage and behind the scenes. Thanks to his charisma, his powerful tenor voice and his remarkable sensitivity, Jérémie has built a career of wide-ranging variety and creation projects with QuébecIssime, Productions Euphories, Chambre Noire and his own company, Théâtre de la Foudre.
Jérémie is a versatile artist driven by his interest in the limits between orality and musicality. His passion for Québec poetry was inspired by the work of Michel Garneau, and he is involved in projects in which the voice and music attempt to form a single language.
Sunday, January 28th, 2024 – Midland Cultural Centre
Brookside Goes to the Movies
Embark on a captivating journey through cinematic history as Italian pianist, Roberto Turin, explores music inspired by
the silver screen. Experience the artistry of renowned composers as their melodies come to life. The concert includes Darius Milhaud's evocative pianotranscription of the "Madame Bovary" soundtrack, and Mario Tedesco's playful tribute reflecting the whimsical world of Mickey Mouse. Also includedis Nino Rota's piano rendition of the the soundtrack to Fellini's masterpiece "Casanova". This is your opportunity to immerse yourself in the range of emotions woven by these iconic film scores as Brookside goes to the movies!
Saturday, December 16th, 2023 – Calvary Baptist Church
Enamored Violins
Experience the virtuosity and romanticism of a unique violin duo and discover the most important works of the repertoire for two violins. Roxanne Sicard and Richard Zheng invite you to join them on a journey through the 18th and 19th centuries, featuring works by Leclair, Kreisler, and Prokofiev. Witness a unique connection between two passionate artists who blend music and emotion!
Friday, August 25th , 2023 – Midland Golf & Country Club
Toronto All Star Big Band
Dinner/Dance/Silent Auction
A Midland favourite. This group “cooks” with its powerful tributes to the heady hits of the 1930’s and 40’s.
A youthful and vibrant presentation of big band dance tunes and ballads with lots of brass and shenanigans
Saturday, August 12th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre & Ouendat Village – Huronia Museum
One World Music Festival – Saturday Event
An Indoor/Outdoor mosaic of vibrant international music. Launched Friday evening by internationally acclaimed Sultans of String at the Midland Cultural Centre followed by celebrations at the Ouendat Village
- Huronia Museum Site all day Saturday!
Friday, August 11th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
One World Music Festival – Sultans of String – Friday Event
Sultans of String – World Music
This multi-award-winning, 3x Juno-nominated and Billboard charting band creates “energetic and exciting music from a band with talent to burn!” (Maverick, UK). For more than a decade, Sultans of String have thrilled audiences with their genre-hopping passport of Celtic reels, Flamenco, Django-jazz, Arabic, Cuban and South Asian rhythms. The group celebrates musical fusion and human creativity with warmth and virtuosity, with world rhythms that excite audiences to their feet!
Friday, August 2nd , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
Eight Cellos
Faces of the Future featuring- Sylva Gelber Music Foundation award winners Eva Aronian (violin), Carson Becke (piano), Isaac Chalk (viola), and Ariane Brisson (flute)
Friday, July 28th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
Festival of the Sound Ensemble
Faces of the Future featuring- Sylva Gelber Music Foundation award winners Eva Aronian (violin), Carson Becke (piano), Isaac Chalk (viola), and Ariane Brisson (flute)
Tuesday, July 25th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
Lafayette String Quartet & James Campbell
Passionate, riveting, and with flawless ensemble. Joined by The Festival of the Sound’s very own James Campbell.
Friday, July 14th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
collectif9
Juno-nominated Montreal string nonet collectif9 performs “with an infectious energy and vigour that grabs an audience’s attention" -The WholeNote.
Friday, July 7th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
The Fretless
Four ferocious players, masterful composition, and a genre-bending sound — Juno award-winning The Fretless is a Canadian quartet that has firmly taken its place on the map to a progressive form of “trad”.
Sunday, May 7th , 2023 – St. Paul’s United Church
Toronto Welsh Male Voice Choir
Traditional songs born of the mountains and valleys of Wales as well as spirituals, operatic arias, Canadian folk songs and Broadway show tunes.
Friday, April 14th , 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
Nannerl
Mathieu-Chua Duo
Nannerl is a program featuring women composers spanning 350 years of music. From a Baroque sonata by Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre through to Romantic works by Clara Schumann and Amy Beach to 20th and 21st century pieces by African-American Florence Price and Chinese-Canadian Alice Ho, the recital showcases the strength and resilience of women.
Starring: Canadian violinist Véronique Mathieu and
pianist Stephanie Chua
Thursday, March 23rd, 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
Eliane Cuevas and Jeremy Ledbetter
Eliana Cuevas
Originally from Venezuela and through years of touring around the world, across Canada, and collaborating with Juno and Grammy Award-winning performers, Eliana Cuevas has grown into an accomplished singer-songwriter and bandleader with unlimited colours in her compositional and lyrical palette. Among her honours are the Canadian National Jazz Award for Latin Jazz Artist of the Year, two Toronto Independent Music Awards for Best World Music Artist, an Independent Music Award for Best Latin Album and a World Solo Artist of the Year Award at the Canadian Folk Music Awards. Eliana has released 6 albums of original music to this date: Cohesión (2001), Ventura (2004) Vidas (2007), Espejo (2013), Golpes y Flores(2017) and most recently El Curruchá (2021).
Jeremy Ledbetter
An engaging and fiery performer whose music knows no boundaries, Canadian pianist Jeremy Ledbetter has made a career from travelling the far-flung corners of the globe in search of the most fascinating and unique musical ideas out there, then seamlessly integrating them into his work as a pianist, composer, and producer. Originally trained as a classical pianist, Jeremy studied jazz performance in Toronto before embarking on over a decade of world travel that saw him work with some of the most prominent recording artists in Trinidad, Cuba, Brazil, and Venezuela. Upon his return to Canada, Jeremy formed the Caribbean jazz ensemble CaneFire to play the original music inspired by his travels. CaneFire has quickly risen to international recognition on the strength of two albums – “Kaiso Blue” (2005) and “Pandemonium” (2010), and their performances at jazz festivals the world over. Ledbetter’s most recent production, “Golpes y Flores” by Venezuelan songstress Eliana Cuevas, won him World Music Producer of the Year honours at the 2018 Independent Music Awards.
At the piano, Ledbetter’s playing features unrelenting energy and a playful spirit. He has worked with world-renowned artists from the worlds of jazz (Andy Narell, Jane Bunnett, Eliana Cuevas), salsa (Alfredo de la Fe, Changuito, Willie Torres, Adonis Puentes, Ralph Irizarry), calypso (David Rudder, Mighty Sparrow, Andre Tanker, Ralph MacDonald) and Brazilian music (Hermeto Pascoal, Celso Machado, Luanda Jones). Ledbetter is also an accomplished multi-instrumentalist who counts the steelpan, harmonica, mandolin, and didjeridu among his weapons of choice.
Thursday, March 16th, 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
É.T.É.
Drawing from their backgrounds in classical, jazz and traditional Quebecois music, Élisabeth Moquin, Thierry Clouette and Élisabeth Giroux have come together in 2015 to create a new and exciting group. The instrumentation of their unique and modern sonority consists of fiddle, cello, bouzouki, voice, foot-tapping and step dancing. É.T.É’s performances and creations are dynamic and modern! No matter where they go, audiences appreciate their amazing energetic style, performance complicity and their up-to-date musical style.
Thursday, March 9th, 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
OKAN
Blending tradition Cuban music, jazz, and contemporary Afro-Cuban sounds, OKAN embraces every culture and welcomes it as its own. In the religion of santería, “okan” means “soul.” This is embodied in the great sophistication of their music – a look to the history of Cuban music with a modern and fresh touch; the evolution of Cuban music outside of Cuba.
Elizabeth Rodriguez was born in Havana, Cuba and is a classically trained violinist. She was a Concertmaster of the Youth Orchestra in Havana. Since moving to Canada in 2013, she has been pursuing her musical career as a singer and violinist for several bands including the Juno-winning band of Jane Bunnett & Maqueque and The Battle of Santiago.
Drummer/percussionist Magdelys Savigne was born in Santiago de Cuba and is classically trained in Orchestral Percussion. She graduated with honours from University of Arts in Havana, Cuba. The award-winning percussionist, vocalist and composer is also a member of Maqueque and the Battle of Santiago, as well as Bill King’s Rhythm Express.
Both Elizabeth Rodriguez and Magdelys Savigne have performed frequently throughout Canada and The United States of America with Maqueque and The Battle of Santiago, participating in festivals including Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco, Miami Jazz Festival, Montreal Jazz Festival, Toronto’s Luminato, San Jose Jazz Festival, and other high profile venues like Birdland, The Blue Note, Lincoln Center and The Kennedy Center. In their hometown of Toronto, they have given multiple performances at Koerner Hall, Roy Thomson Hall, the Royal Ontario Museum and the Beaches Jazz Festival.
Elizabeth and Magdelys represent women fighting to be heard and seen. As renowned soloists in their own right, they combine their individual careers and backgrounds into a deeply profound soul
Thursday, March 2nd, 2023 – Midland Cultural Centre
Beyond the Pale
For over 20 years, Toronto’s Beyond the Pale has been making its distinctive brand of boundary-busting Eurofolk fusion. Inspired by Klezmer and Balkan styles, and additionally influenced by everything from jazz and classical music to bluegrass, newgrass and reggae, Beyond the Pale’s music traverses a vast and exotic musical landscape. Their stellar musicianship, meticulous dynamics, adventurous compositions, and inventive arrangements of traditional material make them one of Canada’s most innovative acoustic ensembles. Though individual virtuosity abounds within the group, the collective sound always takes precedence, conveying the deep and generous bonds of creativity that unite these long time collaborators.
Beyond the Pale has performed at festivals, theatres, and clubs across Canada, the U.S., Europe, Australia and Brazil, including the Governor General’s Performing Arts Awards, NY’s famed Carnegie Hall, and the Jewish Culture Festival in Krakow, Poland. The group celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2018.
Throughout their career, Beyond the Pale has received wide critical acclaim and a number of honours for their recorded work on the Borealis Records label. Their latest release, RUCKUS, received two nominations from the Canadian Folk Music Awards, increasing the band’s career total to seven CFMA nominations, including three wins. With an equal mix of genre-bending original compositions and creative arrangements of traditional material, RUCKUS is a richly textured album that captures BTP’s range from delicate chamber-folk to exuberant, village-style dance rhythms.
Beyond the Pale features Aleksandar Gajic (violin), Bret Higgins (bass), Milos Popovic (accordion), Eric Stein (mandolin, mandocello), and Martin van de Ven (clarinets). They are frequently joined by special guests.
Saturday, December 17th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Christmas Caravan by the Sultans of String
From fiery fiddle tunes to a Caribbean sleigh ride, this surprising and delightful holiday fiesta heats up when Sultans of String bring their signature sound to well known gems such as Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring, Jesous Ahatonhia (with gorgeous newly-translated Indigenous lyrics), a Turkish twist on Greensleeves, Silent Night, as well as a Gypsy-jazz inspired Django Christmas, and a Rumba-Flamenca fuelled Jingle Bells. Sultans of String are joined by shimmering guest vocalist Rebecca Campbell (Jane Siberry, Ian Tamblyn).
Sunday, October 16th, 2022 – St. Paul’s United Church
Vienna Boys Choir
The illustrious group of child musicians has been delighting music lovers across the globe for six centuries with their purity of tone, distinctive charm and diverse repertoire which includes everything from medieval to contemporary to experimental music. These gifted musicians with voices of unforgettable beauty are part of four touring choirs that hail from dozens of nations and together give over 300 concerts a year around the world.
The Fort Worth Star Telegram raves “There’s no more gratifying sound than that of children singing. And there’s no more polished ensemble of children’s voices than the Vienna Boys Choir.”
Friday, August 26th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Paul Novotny & Robi Botos “Summertime in Midland” with special guest Jackie Richardson
Juno award winning and nominated Canadian jazz stalwarts, bassist Paul Novotny and pianist Robi Botos will perform songs from the great American songbook and their originals with Gospel/Blues vocalist Jackie Richardson. Music and thematic storytelling will celebrate summertime and its music which will touch your heart, soul, and mind.
Friday, August 19th, 2022 – Midland Golf & Country Club
Toronto All Star Big Band
Dinner/Dance/Silent Auction Begins at 5:00pm, Dinner at 5:30pm, Performance at 7:00pm
A Midland favourite. This group “cooks” with its powerful tributes to the heady hits of the 1930’s and 40’s. A youthful and vibrant presentation of big band dance tunes and ballads with lots of brass and shenanigans.
Thursday, August 11th, 2022 – Calvary Baptist Church
Ariko
An Authentic French Canadian Kitchen Party...from beautiful lilting French Canadian ballads to ruckusy, foot stomping jigs.Local Lefaive sisters Kelly, Jill and Nicole, accompanied by their parents Louis and Laura.
Thursday, August 4th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Zodiac Trio
One of today’s premiere clarinet-violin-piano ensembles, the Zodiac Trio is known for presenting masterpieces for their unconventional instrumentation alongside hidden gems, arrangements, and the occasional duo/solo in a concert experience marked with a special gusto, virtuosity and energy.
Friday, July 29th, 2022 – Calvary Baptist Church
Huronia Hot Strings
is a flexible ensemble of seasoned musicians from many different genres of music, who have come together to perform in the demanding and elite style of the great Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli. These two legendary players starred in the famous band, Quintette du Hot Club de France. The style became known as“Gypsy Jazz”.
Tuesday, July 26th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Chamber Ensemble
A blockbuster program of music for piano and piano quartet performed by some of Canada’s most acclaimed artists. The program includes works by Handel, Chopin and Dvorak performed by Charles Richard-Hamelin, piano, Karl Stobbe, violin, Ryan Davis, viola and Cameron Crozman, cello.
Thursday, July 21st, 2022 – Alliance Church
Suzanna Shulman and Erica Goodman (flute & harp)
One of Canada’s foremost flutists, Suzanne Shulman has earned international critical acclaim for solo recitals in Carnegie Hall, Wigmore Hall and Chopin Institute. Juno Award-winning Canadian harpist Erica Goodman has appeared worldwide as a recitalist and chamber musician. Together Suzanne and Erica use their talents to entrance you with their poetic interpretations.
Friday, July 15th, 2022 – Calvary Baptist Church
Amai Kuda et les Bois
The sound of Amai Kuda et Les Bois has been described by NOW Magazine as a “tantalizing Afro-soul combo of folk, roots, desert blues and African continental music.” Whether on the street, the stage or in the studio, for Amai Kuda et Les Bois, music is about healing – the healing of the earth, our ancestors and ourselves.
FREE Outdoor Concert - On the lawn behind Calvary Baptist Church
Saturday, July 9th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Sheng Cai
Sheng Cai’s performances of major keyboard works of the past centuries have touched audiences and won the praise of critics on four continents. Since his initial debut with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra at just fifteen years old, Sheng Cai has more recently been described as “having the inner passion paired with Rubinstein’s nonchalance” by Thüringer Allgemeine in Germany.
Thursday, July 7th, 2022 – Calvary Baptist Church
Wesli
In 2019, his 6th opus (“ Rapadou Kreyôl”) was awarded the prestigious Canadian “Juno” and Quebecois “Félix” prizes for the best world music album of the year, as well as the Coup de Coeur prize from the Académie Charles Cros in France. His music combines the roots of voodoo and rara (an iconic traditional Haitian instrument), through afrobeat and hip-hop.
Friday, June 24th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Kuné
Canada’s Global Orchestra – explores and celebrates Canada’s cultural diversity through the shared language of music. The eleven musicians hail from all corners of the globe—from Peru, Burkina Faso, China, Iran and beyond—and, together, create a sound that is at once global and uniquely local.
“Kuné [fuse] eleven musical traditions and twenty-five instruments into an ear-spinning confection of leaping melodies and luscious timbres.”
— ROOTSMUSIC.CA
Friday, June 17th, 2022 – Midland Cultural Centre
Tio Chorinho with Flavia Nascimento
Tio Chorinho is the first ensemble in Canada dedicated to performing Choro - the original Brazilian soul music. It is often described as “the New Orleans jazz of Brazil.” Exciting, energetic, soulful, intimate, nostalgic and virtuosic, They are joined by the amazing Brazilian-born, Quebec-based vocalist Flavia Nascimento
Friday, June 3rd, 2022. Midland Cultural Centre
Okavango
Multiple instruments, ten languages, and seven countries define Juno Award Winning Okavango African Orchestra which brings together the traditional music and instruments of several major African cultures that historically have had little or no interaction. The musicians of Okavango have created a common meeting place for these disparatecultures, and a new musical language that harmonizes their different tuning systems, rhythms, and timbres.
Saturday, April 23rd, 2022. St. Paul’s United Church
Nathaniel Dett Chorale
This is the best way to shake off the long dry spell with Nathaniel Dett Chorale, Powerhouse choir! Coming to St. Paul's United on April 23rd. You don't want to miss this inspiring group! Go to
www.BrooksideMusic.com for details and ticket information.
Thursday, November 25th, 2021. Midland Cultural Centre at 7:00 pm.
Chopin by Candlelight with John Alden French
Relax at an intimate, candlelit table while listening to the romantic genius of Frédéric Chopin's Preludes, Waltzes, Mazurkas, Nocturnes and Polonaises beautifully presented by Brookside's own Founding Artistic Director, John Alden French.
Thursday, August 28th. Calvary Baptist Church at 7:00 pm.
30 Days of Culture
Local performers present a variety of musical styles from Spanish Flamenco to Folk and Blues. After a long dry spell these musicians are keen to share their love of music with you once again.
Joelle Roy
Marc Desroches
Michelle Thibodeau
Miguel and Lauda Dela Bastide
Tom Malone and Robin Henry
Featuring some seasoned and some first time local songwriters, who participated in the Brookside songwriting workshop to produce original songs about Georgian Bay. You’ll love the results!
EN DIRECT ET VIRTUEL est GRATUITE!
live & virtual CONCERTS FREE OF CHARGE!
LIVE STREAM HERE
Sunday, September 22nd. Midland Alliance Church at 2:00 pm.
Luciano Bellini
Sponsored by the Italian Cultural Institute, Luciano Bellini will perform a concert of piano music by some of Italy’s greatest composers including Scarlatti, Puccini and Verdi among others.
Tickets are available online here, at the Midland Cultural Center Box Office and at the door.
Price: $30 plus HST & s/c
Composer of operas, symphonic, sacred, vocal, chamber and electronic music; author of pieces of music for cinema, theater and ballet. His works have been executed in almost all western countries, in the Middle East and in South America. Permanent conductor of Nova Philarmonia and guest conductor or soloist for many European, Asian and Latin-American Orchestras and Institutions, up to now he has performed nearly 150 world premieres. He conducted symphony or chamber orchestras in Rome, Sanremo, Lecce, L'Aquila, Bari, Pescara, Bratislava, Kosige, Ziilina, Halboorg, Bucharest, Brno, Seoul, Antalja, Hanoi, Manila, Bangkok, Damascus, Rio de Janeiro, San Paulo, La Habana, Holguin. He performed as pianist in England, Spain, Portugal, Norvey, Austria, Finland, Poland, Greece, Egypt, Danmark, Estonia, Belarus, Luxembourg, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia, Jordan, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapor, Philippines, Vietnam, China, Korea, Barhain, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, California, Canada, Ethiopia, Kenya, Cuba. He has recorded many CDs both as a pianist and as a conductor; his music - edited by AfM, B&W Italy, EDIPAN, RadiciMusic Records, Sedam, and Rugginenti Music - is partially collected in eight other monographic CDs and in several Radio and Television recordings. In 1998 he conducted one of his chamber operas at the National Academy of Cecilia in Rome, and in 1999 his work-ballet "Canto General" (with Pablo Neruda's poetry) was performed at the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto. In '99 he conducted in Rome and in Krakow some of his compositions on a worldwide TV "via satellite". In 1980 he published "The Three Songs of the Imaginary" (Pro Musica Studium) and then often contributed to many music reviews. In '97 he published the piano album "Mediterrando" which was given a wide national circulation, while in 2001 he published the flute collection "Effects Collateral". In collaboration with the producer and choreographer Anna Cuocolo, who has been composing since '91 various pieces of musical theater and "dance and music" which had a great success of audience and criticism both in Europe and the United States. In 2006 he collaborated with Prix Nobel Dario Fo composing music for his theatral piece "Isabelle, trois caravelles et un charlatan". He received many musical commissions: in '94 by Istituto Gramsci in Bologna for composing an Opera named "Ulisse's Song", in 99 and in 2006 by Teatro Marrucino in Chieti for composing Operas "Les Ritals" and "Shoah"; in 2013 by University in L'Aquila for an Opera named "born on 21 March" with Alda Merini's poetry. In '2009 he published "Prime notes from the world" for young pianists, in 2011 "Notes from history" and "Tutti al Circo" for young chamber orchestra. In '97 he founded "Duo Bellini" with his son Luca flutist, and they together already performed in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. In 2008 he founded "Italian Piano Duo" with Antonella Vitelli. He worked together with many important artists as: Severino Gazzelloni, Claudia Antonelli, Massimo Quarta, Sergio Cafaro, Marco Rogliano, Guido Arbonelli, Ciro Scarponi, Federico Mondelci, Giuseppe Scotese, Angelo Persichilli, Angelo Manzotti, Gabriella Tucci, Bruno Aprea, Giorgio Carnini, Milva, Dulce Pontes, Noa, Leo Férre, Piera Degli Esposti, Maddalena Crippa, Maria Faranduri, Dario Fo, Chin Chin Gutierrez. At present he teaches at the "A. Casella" Conservatory in L'Aquila. Regular holder of a Master conductor at the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro and - actually at the Conservatory in Hanoi, Jakarta, Manila, Habana, London, Sydney, Bangkok, Singapore; he also leads seminars in various European and Latin American centers. Regular holder of a Master conductor at the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro and - actually at the Conservatory in Hanoi, Jakarta, Manila, Habana, London, Sydney, Bangkok, Singapore; he also leads seminars in various European and Latin American centers. Regular holder of a Master conductor at the Federal University in Rio de Janeiro and - actually at the Conservatory in Hanoi, Jakarta, Manila, Habana, London, Sydney, Bangkok, Singapore; he also leads seminars in various European and Latin American centers.
